宾语从句的时态变化 宾语从句的状语变化

一、时态变化（从句的时态向前倒一个时态）

一般现在时——一般过去时

一般过去时——现在完成时

现在进行时——过去进行时

一般将来时——过去将来时

现在完成时——过去完成时

过去完成时——过去完成时

Eg: She said. "I have lost a pen."

→She said she had lost a pen现在完成时——过去完成时

She said. "He will go to see his friend".

→She said he would go to see his friend一般将来时——过去将来时

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

1.直接引语是客观真理。（地球围着太阳公转，月亮影响潮汐）

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

2.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John

where he was going when he met him in the street。

3.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。

4.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：

Peter said. "You had better come here today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

二、状语变化

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由"现在"改为"原来"（例：now变为then,yesterday变为 the day before，地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由"此"改为"彼"（例：this 改为that),

如：He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his

this——that

these——those

now——then

today——that day

yesterday——the day before

yesterday morning——the morning before

the day before yesterday——two days before

tomorrow——the next/follow day

tomorrow evening——the next/follow evening

this week——that week

last week——the week before

here——there

come——go

bring——take

三、变句型

1.直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will

arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

2.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by busor by bike.

3.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

Eg: I don't know whom you should depend on.

4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not tomake any noise. "

Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

5.直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest "

如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.

或: He suggested that they should go to see the film.